Humorous Best Man Speech Essay - 1384 Words

Humorous Best Man Speech Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. Firstly on behalf of the bridesmaids, I would like to thank the groom for his kind words, and may I also say that they have done a fantastic job today and all of them look absolutely beautiful. Id also like to say that the bride looks absolutely stunning today as I’m sure you will all agree. Unfortunately for the wedding photographs, the groom just looks stunned. When I was asked to be best man I consulted the Internet for help. I must confess I was perplexed by some of the things I was expected to do: Help the groom dress. Thanks, but no thanks. If he hasnt learned by nor then he never will. That his shoes are tied. That his face and hair are â€Å"in order† (God†¦show more content†¦His teenage years can be defined as several years of drinking and sleeping in the bathroom, cuddled up to the toilet bowl. It’s good to know that some thing never change. At school, he tried many sports to no avail. When he tried rugby he was told his tackle was not big enough. He tried cross country running but could not stand the pace and when it came to soccer he was useless in every position. Whether the bride can confirm those three things for us I dont know, but I hope she has more luck. Now, of course, I’m not the only person in this room that he knows well. In fact, this place is stuffed with people that have an opinion of him. So, I thought it would be an idea to find out what some of you think of the groom. and share your thoughts at his wedding. Over the last few weeks Ive been approaching his friends and colleagues. This is what just a few of you said. His boss (and I can quote him now as hes not here) said: Working with him is like working with a God. Hes rarely seen, hes holier than thou, and if he does any work its a bloody miracle...† Another absent colleague, rang me the other day and said: Hes really looking forward to the wedding, and especially the honeymoon, he’s been going on about it all week. One thing I can’t understand though, is why hes taken to wearing fake tan to the office.† Unfortunately, he has also been described by someoneShow MoreRelated Humorous Wedding Speech by the Best Man Essay684 Words   |  3 PagesHumorous Wedding Speech by the Best Man When Daniel came to me and asked me to be his best man, it was a great honour but, when I looked at all the duties required of me, I felt he’d be better off choosing someone else. Then he offered me a fifty, but I told him that it wasn’t a decision that money could change. So then he offered me a hundred. Anyway, good evening Ladies and Gentlemen - My name is Rob and it’s my pleasure to be Daniels best man today. So let me tell you about all thoseRead More Humorous Best Man Speech Essay examples1972 Words   |  8 PagesHumorous Best Man Speech The hotel management have asked me to ask you not to stand on the tables or chairs during the standing ovation at the end of my speech. Now, I asked around for an idea of how long my speech should last, and the general response was about as long as it takes the groom to make love. So with that in mind, thank you, you have been a wonderful audience. (Sit and then get back up) I think an introduction is worthwhile. For those of you who do not yetRead More Humorous Best Man Speech for Two Best Men Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesHumorous Best Man Speech Written for Two Best Men Best man 1: Good evening everyone. I must warn you we are both pretty nervous about doing this speech. We have spent many a night awake, trying plan it to no avail. We were both so nervous about doing this speech we asked the groom for some advice on how to prepare for talking to a large audience. Best man 2: So he did. He told us to imagine that you are all naked, so if you dont mind, we are going to give it a go. (Stares, winks at people) Read More Humorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesHumorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen - I am the grooms father, Ken, and I have the great privilege of being best man. I have recently found out there are two reasons why J W asked me to do this job. 1) To make him look younger and slimmer in the photos. 2) Because he didnt want to burden any of his friends with the terrible prospect of having to give this speech. Its the speech that no one wants to do. The best man doesnt really know whatRead MoreA Commentary on Luckys Monologue in Waiting for Godot1559 Words   |  7 PagesPuncher and Wattmann it is established beyond all doubt that in view of the labors of Fartov and Belcher left unfinished for reasons unknown of Testew and Cunard left unfinished it is established what many deny that man in Possy of Testew and Cunard that man in Essy that man in short that man in brief in spite of the strides of alimentation and defecation wastes and pines wastes and pines wastes and pines and concurrently simultaneously what is more for reasons unknown in spite of the strides of physicalRead MoreA Wedding Speech By The Maid Of Honor And The Best Man1750 Words   |  7 Pageswedding, a wedding speech is given by the maid-of-honor and the best man. These speeches are used to thank the parents for arranging the wedding and the guests for coming. The main purpose of the speech, however, is to wish the newly married couple all the happiness and luck with their marriage. While wishing the couple a happy marriage, the speaker includes anecdotes about the newlyweds, showing how strong the relationship between the bride or groom and the speaker. In Jenna Haas’s speech to Jillian DouwsmaRead More Today’s America Versus World War II America Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesculture and society is manifested in, Howie Carr’s â€Å"Take $2000 and Call Me in the Morning† and Ronald Reagan’s speech, â€Å"The Boys of Point du Hoc†. Carr’s â€Å"Take $2000 and Call Me in the Morning† illustrates and criticizes the abuse of legal defense by citizens of the United States of America and how people feel like they are entitled to a lot of things. In contrast to that in Ronald Reagan’s speech, â€Å"The Boys of Point du Hoc† takes us back to a time back in American history where people fought and diedRead More Humorous Wedding Speech – Reasons I Admire the Groom Essay606 Words   |  3 PagesHumorous Wedding Speech – Reasons I Admire the Groom Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen - I’m not an experienced public speaker, so I find it easier just to read the speech word for word. In fact, I’ve practiced it almost daily for about a week and a half now, so that I know it very well. It’s a tip that I read in a book about public speaking. I’ve also been drinking profusely to help calm my pre-speech nerves. I made that tip up myself. Laughter Yes, I am a little nervous about being theRead MoreThe s Virtual Reality Research1686 Words   |  7 PagesAlice software project.2 Randy Pausch gave ‘The Last Lecture’ as a final speech to pass on wisdom that he believed could impact the world, as it was a tradition of retiring professors to do, before leaving Carnegie Mellon University. His speech was titled ‘Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams’, and he gave this speech on September 18th of 2007 at Carnegie Mellon University. His speech was later turned into a New York Times best selling book1, as well has receiving attention from television programsRead MoreEssay about The Importance of Mercutios Role in Romeo and Juliet1021 Words   |  5 Pagesa specific role. Mercutio, is essential to the play he is the Princes kinsman, but more importantly, he is Romeos best friend and confidant .Although Mercutio is Romeos closest friend he is very jealous of Romeo when Romeo is with other people. Mercutio brings humour and wit to the play which engages the audience. Mercutio is a typical young man of that period in the way that he is an honourable aristocrat, very independent and is free but on the other hand he isnt

Fossil Fuels Vs Alternative Energy - 2272 Words

Fossil Fuels versus Alternative Energy The continued use of fossil fuels without seeking alternatives is a very dangerous practice. Earth’s temperature is rising, oceans are rising, polar ice caps are melting, Pacific waves are washing over some island nations, and extreme weather and heat waves are increasing. Alternatives to fossil fuels that pump carbon dioxide into the air seem hardly controversial. The controversy is about what can be done to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and how can we get it done. It is already too late, but how can we reduce the scale of the damage that is already upon us? The argument presented in some books, articles, and internet sources seems presented like some polite controversy with no clearly correct†¦show more content†¦Other chemicals and gases include sulfur dioxide (a type of gas that can lead to acid rain), nitrogen oxide (causes smog and acid rain), carbon dioxide (which is currently one of the greatest factors of global warming), small particles (the particles c an lead to health hazards and can increase the chance of lung cancer), hydrocarbons (causes smog), ash and sludge ( the ash and sludge consist of many pollutants and hold toxic metals within them like lead and mercury), and many other toxic metals (Casper 6-7). Some big greenhouse gases have very long living lifetimes in the atmosphere. Perfluoromethane has the longest lifetime with 50,000 years. Carbon dioxide has a lifetime of 50 to 200 years and is the leading gas causing global warming. The USA has the second highest quantity of emissions of carbon dioxide in the world. China is currently the world s leading country for carbon dioxide emissions, emitting 6017.69 tons of carbon dioxide. In 2006 North America had the second highest carbon dioxide emissions with 6,954.03 million metric tons. The leading geographic regions are Asia and Oceania with 11,219.00 million metric tons in 2006 (Casper 39-40). In the United States total energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions have been decreasing slowly. This trend might not be long term, and our consumption may rise again. In the world, North America has the highest consumption of oil and is the second largest consumer of

aunt jennifer tigers Essay Example For Students

aunt jennifer tigers Essay Aunt Jennifers TigersBy Adrienne RichAunt Jennifers tigers stride across a screen Bright topaz denizens of a world of green. They do not fear the men beneath the tree;They pace in sleek chivalric certainty. Aunt Jennifers fingers fluttering through her woolFind even the ivory needle hard to pull. The massive weight of uncles wedding bandSits heavily upon Aunt Jennifers hand. When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lieStill ringed with ordeals she was mastered byThe tigers in the panel that she madeWill go on striding, proud and unafraid. The first stanza sets the setting for Aunt Jennifers dream world for her and her tigers (Aunt Jennifer represents all women who are caught under the oppressive hand of a patriarchal society). Aunt Jennifers tigers represent what women desired to be like during that time period. The tigers are do not fear men and as depicted on line four are heroic and conduct themselves in a manly fashion. These confidents tigers represent everything women desire to be. The second stanza represents the reality of Aunt Jennifers life. She is depicted doing needlepoint, which happens to be a very traditional activity for a woman. However, she is having trouble with this activity as expressed in line 7. Her inability to do this needlepoint represents her inability to express herself in a male dominated society. This weight that rests heavily on her hand is not something she enjoys and is oppressing her from doing what she really wants to. The third stanza gives us a truthful look at the reality and end of Aunt Jennifer. It re-emphasizes the impact living in this patriarchal society had had on her. Despite the tragic end of Aunt Jennifers life these tigers and the ideas of an oppressed free life for women carry on. What does Rich say about this poem?Im startled because beneath the conscious craft are glimpses of the split I even then experienced between the girl who wrote poems, who defined herself in writing poems, and the girl who was to define herself by her relationships with men (632). Rich says this poem is an example of a split that took place in her earlier writing. She has written in the oppressors (male) style however, has expressed feelings of a woman not writing for a purely male audience. Rich has gotten away with expressing these ideas because she wrote using the strategy of formalism that inevitably allowed her writing to sound the same as traditional male writing. I wanted women poets to be equals of men, and to be equal was still confused with sounding the same (632). What does she intend to illustrate? How does the poem illustrate this point/s?I believe she meant to illustrate a narrative of a woman, Aunt Jennifer, under the oppression of a male. This is illustrated in the 2nd stanza when Rich describes Aunt Jennifers hand as being too heavy to pull the needle through the wool because of the massive weight of Uncles wedding band (7, 633). This massive weight is mans control over his wife and the wedding band is a symbol of his control. This idea is als o supported in the third stanza when Rich describes Aunt Jennifer dead being still ringed with the ordeals she was mastered by (9-10, 633). Overall the poem illustrates oppression by stating in the first stanza what she really desires and then describing how she is oppressed and held back by the male in her life. For a poem to coalesce, for a character or an action to take shape, there has to be an imaginative transformation of reality which is no way passiveMoreover, if the imagination is to transcend and transform experience it has to question, to challenge, to conceive of alternatives, perhaps to the very life you are living at that moment. You have to be free to play around with the notion that day might be night, love might be hate, nothing can be too sacred for the imagination to turn into its opposite or to call experimentally by another name. For writing is renaming (635). .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b , .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b .postImageUrl , .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b , .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b:hover , .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b:visited , .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b:active { border:0!important; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b:active , .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2fb49b017ed0f254512849af5f0d780b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pornography And Sex Crimes EssayHow does the poem relate to the quotation at the top of the page?The poem relates to the quote by transforming reality. She creates this world of the tiger that is a challenge to the norm. This is Richs alternative to the life of Aunt Jennifer. She shows in this poem both what the reality is and what the reality she wants is. How is the poem an act of transformation? What is transformed? To what end?The poem tries to transform the normal life of women, represented by Aunt Jennifers life, into the life of the tiger. The normal life is bound by the traditions that women have set for them by men. The tiger is free to roam do whatever he wants i n a world full of color. So instead of an actual transformation in the poem its more of a wish for a transformation. Rich wants this transformation because she hopes for herself and other women to be free from the duties that normal life holds for most women, such as marriage and knitting. How is the poem a renaming?The poem is a renaming because it is using Aunt Jennifer to represent the state of women, but the tiger is there to show what should be the state of women. Instead of saying directly the new way that women should exist in the world she places the tiger there to show by example. This poem is the first that Rich presents us with. It was written during her early stages of writing when she was a student. It was during the period when she was still confused with equal and sounding the same (632). Rich re-visions her poem in this quote:It was important to me that Aunt Jennifer was a person as distinct from myself as possible distanced by the formalism of the poem, by its objective, observant tone even by putting the woman in a different generation (633). This poem was incorporated to exemplify Richs beginning years as a writer. It gives the reader a starting point for her to show how drastically her writing changed throughout her career. She realizes years later when she is re-visioning that in those years formalism was part of a strategy like asbestos gloves, it allowed her to handle material I couldnt pick up barehanded (633). This means she was able to touch on subjects that werent directed solely for a male audience because she was able to make them sound the same by using formalism. Formalism was the male rule or known way to write poetry. It is also worthy to not the irony in this poem. Since it was written when Rich was still a student and wanting to rebel against the traditional female roles, you would never expect Rich to take on the role of Aunt Jennifer in real life. However, she then decides that she, ?was also determined to prove that as a woman poet she could also have what as then defined as a full womans life. She eventually found herself overweighed by her obligations as a wife and mother to not be able to put ample time into her writing. She was taking on the role of Aunt Jennifer and that is when she had her whole awakening.

Young offenders and the Criminal Justice System

Table of Contents Introduction Juvenile justice system Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The human civilization has from ancient times acknowledged the fact that the children are the future of the present civilization. Our modern era also believes in this ideology. This being the case, our society has always strived to ensure that children and the youth are given the best opportunity to excel.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Young offenders and the Criminal Justice System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, despite all the good intention of the society, there are still a number of children and youth who continue to be on the wrong side of the law. Cole and Smith note that this increase in juvenile deliquescence is as a result of social, economic and other factors prevalent in this era (13). Policy makes have taken care to ensure that these troubled children are not left behind in the quest for a brighter future for all the children. Measures have been taken to ensure that the troubled children who are charged with offences are afforded a chance to rectify their mistakes and become respectable citizens through rehabilitation programs. This has been through the implementation of juvenile justice systems which have been characterized by their correctional as opposed to punishment role. Despite the presence of a functional juvenile justice system in the country, there has been a marked increase in crime rates among children and youths. As a result of this rising rates of crime amongst youths, policy makers have pushed for the increased transfer of juvenile offenders to criminal courts for adult prosecution. This is a move that is hailed by some as being the best manner to reduce juvenile crimes and therefore safeguard the society’s peace. However, there are opponents to these waivers who suggest that such moves result in the reduction in chances of rehabilitation for the juvenile offenders. This paper argues that juveniles should not be waived to adult courts unless they commit heinous crimes such as murder. To reinforce this assertion, this study will perform a critical analysis of the various arguments presented both for and against transferring juveniles to adult courts. A brief overview of the juvenile court system will also be offered to act as a background for the paper. Juvenile justice system The Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century led to a mushrooming of urban settlements and the number of children living in cities rapidly increased (Sims and Preston 46). Juvenile delinquency became an issue in many cities and the welfare of the urban children became a primary concern. The introduction of a separate system of justice for children borrowed heavily from the ideas proposed by the 18th Century English lawyer, William Blackstone (Yeckel 331).Advertising Looking for term paper on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get you r first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Blackstone aimed at categorizing people based on their ages and thus drawing a line between the age where one could be held accountable for their actions and an age where one was absolved from any crime committed. To a large extent, the earlier advocates of juvenile systems considered themselves to be on a humanitarian mission championing the rights of the children. The major difference between the juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system was that juvenile courts aimed to rehabilitate rather than punish. Core to the courts principles was the mission to help troubled children. This benevolent nature of the system led to an informal and non adversarial approach that was not entangled in the procedural rules and formalities that characterized the criminal court systems. Sim and Preston assert that this open nature was all in line with the ultimate goal of the courts which was to guide the young offender towards life as a res ponsible and law-abiding adult (48). The lack of well defined procedures meant that the juvenile court could take extra-legal factors in deciding on how to handle a case. The primary argument by the proponents of automatic judicial waiver of juvenile court jurisdiction is as a result of the increased juvenile crime and violence. While it is true that juvenile crimes are markedly higher that they were in the previous decades, the same can be said about adult crimes. Allard and Young assert that there is no evidence that young people have become disproportionately more crime prone or dangerous at that than the rest of the population (8). Arguably, the alleged increase in juvenile crime is simply a function of population growth which is not only natural but to be expected. Allard and Young go on to demonstrate that the juvenile arrests for serious violent crimes have remained fairly average over the last 30 years (7). The underlying philosophy behind transferring juveniles to the crimi nal justice system is that more severe punishment even if at the expense of rehabilitation will result in reduced crime rates and therefore increase the public safety. However, studies indicate that juvenile offenders in the adult system are more likely to re-offend or commit more serious subsequent offenses than those who remain in the juvenile system (Allard Young 4). Youths and young offenders should not be prosecuted through the criminal justice system unless they commit major crimes such as murder. Instead they should be prosecuted through the juvenile justice system.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Young offenders and the Criminal Justice System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is attributed to the fact that juvenile courts are predisposed to have the best interest of the children or youths in consideration and offer some form of defense and rehabilitation for the children in juvenile facilities . As such, the underlying goal of the juvenile system is to guide the young offender towards life as a responsible and law-abiding adult (Sim and Preston 56). The arguments on juveniles raised by policy markers in the late 1800s resulted in a consensus that juveniles were developmentally inferior compared to adults and as such, juveniles would no longer be held criminally responsible for their actions (Feld 19; Bakken 14). However, while this attribute of benevolence is hailed by many proponents of the juvenile system, these benign actions have resulted in the lack of accountability for their actions by the youths. Waivers can offset this condition since as Feld comments: The rehabilitative ideal has minimized the significance of the offenses as a dispositional criterion. The emphasis on the â€Å"best interests of the child† has weakened the connection between what a person does and the consequences of that act on the theory that the act is at best only symptomatic of real n eeds. (Bakken 13). This argument suggests that the treatment of youths in the juvenile system does not lead to the offender feeling accountable for his/her crimes therefore resulting in a lack of liability. This is as opposed to the adult system in which one is held accountable for their crimes and made to pay for them to the maximum extent permissible by the law. In addition, proponents of the waiver to prosecute the youth in the criminal justice system assert that one of the goals for transferring juvenile offenders to the adult criminal courts is to deter them from taking part in criminal activities in future. However, a research carried out by Donna Bishop in 1996 to highlight the differences in outcomes of juvenile courts compared to the criminal courts on youths showed that juvenile offenders who were transferred to the adult courts received more severe sentences than their counterparts in the juvenile system. In addition to this, the findings showed that the transferred youth had higher re-arrest rates (54%) compared with 32% for the youths dealt with by the juvenile courts ( Rosenheim 87).Advertising Looking for term paper on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In light of such findings, advocates of the juvenile court systems argue that the taking up of waiving as a means to reduce future crimes is a faulty policy. While the juvenile system may not be flawless, these findings demonstrate that the system has not altogether failed and should therefore be experimented with further. To further reinforce this argument, Watt, Howells and Delfabbro use Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory to explain why individuals commit crimes (150). In this theory, Freud believes that all humans have underlying desires. As such, it is only through socialization that these urges can be controlled. Therefore, a person with poor social skills develops a personality disorder which forces him/her to exhibit antisocial tendencies. Those that bring out these tendencies become criminals while those who suppress them become neurotics. This theory is therefore a proponent to the fact that criminals are social misfits trying to compensate for their weaknesses. B earing this in mind, taking young offenders through the criminal justice system does not help them change but instead, makes them more antisocial thereby increasing their chances of committing more serious offences. As Fisher reiterates, the acts of violence exhibited by youths and young offenders are triggered by their need to empower themselves in a society that constantly undermines them (109). Therefore, the solution should not be prosecuting them but rather, to find solutions to factors that lead them into committing crime. To further support his argument as a proponent of youth prosecutions in the criminal justice system, Bakken states that juveniles are capable of hideous crimes as was demonstrated in the Kent v. United States case. A 16 year old, Morris A. Kent was charged with breaking into a woman’s apartment, robbing her and raping her (6). The juvenile court system is evidently not equipped to deal with such kind of violent crimes as its sentencing does not includ e life imprisonment or even the death penalty. Bakken acknowledges that it is cases such as this that make juvenile transfer not only desirable but necessary so as to enable the offender to be tried on criminal charges (7). The waiving system presents a mode through which these malicious offenders can be kept away from the society therefore preserving social harmony. Without waivers, crimes such as those committed by Kent would only be punished marginally and the offender would be free to rejoin the society after only a few years of incarceration. However, Watt, Howells and Delfabbro disagree with this argument by using the interactionist theory of crime causation which asserts that an individual’s interaction with criminals may psychologically influence him/her to commit crime (147). The theory proposes that the chances of an individual committing crime as a result of peer pressure are significantly high. According to Fisher, constant interactions with criminals play a centr al role in the development of criminal behaviors (105). The author states that from these associations, individuals are influenced into committing crime and becoming notorious criminals. This theory proposes that a petty offender can become a hardcore criminal through the association with criminals. It assumes that from such interactions, an individual learns how to think, act and react to different situations like a criminal. As such, imprisoning young offenders may invariably make them worse than they were before getting into the system. To this regard, Watt Howells Delfabbro propose a more positive approach whereby young petty offenders are enrolled in the juvenile justice system where there are positive reinforcement programs that may help them change their behaviors (143). However, Gaines and Miller argue that criminal convictions carry with them a certain stigma as a person is marked as a felon for the rest of their lives (62). The authors suggest that this â€Å"stigmatizat ion† by the society is in fact healthy as it also adds to the deterrence factor since people do not want to be viewed as social misfits. The juvenile court system is structured in such a way that these long-term consequences to the offender are not present. In as much as this statement holds true, adult conviction also results in some socioeconomic consequences such as the person being compelled to report their conviction on job application or being barred from particular types of jobs. These factors have serious psychological effects on an individual. For example, no matter how much an individual is trying to change his/her ways, the criminal records and the social limitations associated with them will never go away. As such, these realities often foster feelings of frustration and other antisocial tendencies. These are key factors that may lead an individual into causing crime as a means of acting-out. These bleak realities further support the statement that youth offenders should not be go through the criminal justice system and that other alternatives should be found. The rationale behind the establishment of the juvenile system was to protect the interests of the children who were deemed as being less liable than adults since they were morally and emotionally less developed (Rosenheim 91). This almost paternal view is the main difference between juvenile courts and criminal courts whereby the juvenile courts emphasis on the â€Å"best interests† of the violators. By indiscriminately waiving juvenile offenders to the adult court system, the criminal justice system will have failed in its initial goal which was to protect the interest of young offenders and hopefully rehabilitate them into useful members of the society. However, it can be argued that the juvenile system was established in an era when the capability and emotional intelligence of the youth developed at a fairly slower pace. In the modern era, children are exposed to all kinds of information which result in greater understanding. As such, the laws should be amended to accommodate these new realities. Conclusion This study set out to argue that juveniles should not be waived to adult courts. To underscore this point, the paper has performed a brief overview of the juvenile system in America as well as an in-depth analysis of the arguments forwarded both for and against waivers. However, this paper has clearly demonstrated that there are other means through with juvenile criminality can be tackled. Considering the risk that waivers could results in the conversion of juvenile offenders into hardcore criminals, the evidence in this paper suggests that more intervention-based measures should be implemented to ensure that young offenders do not get into the criminal justice system unless they commit heinous crimes. Works Cited Allard, Patricia and Malcolm Young. Prosecuting Juveniles in Adult Court: Perspectives for Policymakers and Practitioners, 2002. Web. http: //www.njjn.org/ Bakken, Nicholas. (2007). You do the Crime, You do the Time: A Socio-Legal History of the Juvenile Court and Transfer Waivers, 2002. Web. Burrow, John. (2005). Punishing Serious Juvenile Offenders: A Case Study of Michigan’s Prosecutorial Waiver Status, 2002. Web. https://jjlp.law.ucdavis.edu/archives/vol-9-no-1/01_Burrow.pdf Cole, George and Cristopher Smith. The American System of Criminal Justice. New York : Cengage Learning, 2006. Print. Fisher, Bonnie. â€Å"Crime Prevention.† Journal of Security Education 2.1 (2006): 103 – 111. Print. Gaines, Larry and Roger Miller. Criminal Justice in Action. New York: Cengage Learning, 2006. Print. Rosenheim, Margaret. A Century of Juvenile Justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002. Print. Sims, Barbara and Pamela Preston. Handbook of Juvenile Justice: Theory and Practice. California: CRC Press, 2006. Print. Watt, Bruce, Kevin Howells and Paul Delfabbro. (2004). â€Å"Juvenile Recidivism: Crimi nal Propensity, Social Control and Social Learning Theories.† Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 11.1 (2004): 141 – 153. Print. Yeckel, Josef. â€Å"Violent Juvenile Offenders: Rethinking Federal Intervention in Juvenile Justice.† Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law 51 (1997): 331. Print. 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paralogism - definition and examples

paralogism - definition and examples Definition Paralogism is a term in logic and rhetoric for a fallacious or defective argument or conclusion.In the field of rhetoric, in particular, paralogism is generally regarded as a type of sophism or pseudo-syllogism.In the  Critique of Pure Reason  (1781/1787), German philosopher  Immanuel Kant identified  four paralogisms corresponding to the four fundamental knowledge claims of rational psychology: substantiality, simplicity, personality, and ideality. Philosopher  James Luchte points out that the section on the Paralogisms was . . . subject to differing accounts in the First and Second Editions of the First Critique (Kants Critique of Pure Reason: A Readers Guide, 2007). See Examples and Observations below. Also see: FallacyInformal LogicLogicSophistry EtymologyFrom the Greek, beyond reason   Examples and Observations [Paralogism is illogical] reasoning, particularly of which the reasoner is unconscious. . . .Ex: I asked him [Salvatore, a simpleton] whether it was not also true that lords and bishops accumulated possessions through tithes, so that the Shepherds were not fighting their true enemies. He replied that when your true enemies are too strong, you have to choose weaker enemies (Umberto Eco, The Name of the Rose, p. 192).(Bernard Marie Dupriez and Albert W. Halsall, A Dictionary of Literary Devices. University of Toronto Press, 1991)Paralogism is either Fallacy, if unintentional, or Sophism, if intended to deceive. It is under the latter aspect particularly that Aristotle considers false reasoning.(Charles S. Peirce, Qualitative Logic, 1886) Aristotle on Paralogism and PersuasionThe use of psychological and aesthetic strategies is based, first, on the fallacy of the linguistic sign, for not being the same thing as the reality it names, and, secondly, on the fallacy of what follows somethin g is the effect of this. Indeed,  Aristotle says that the reason why persuasion derives from psychological and stylistic strategies is a paralogism or fallacy in both cases. We instinctively think that the orator that shows us a certain emotion or trait of character through his speech, when he employs the appropriate style, well adapted to the emotion of the audience or the character of the speaker, can make a fact credible. The hearer, indeed, will be under the impression that the orator is speaking the truth, when his linguistic signs correspond exactly with the facts they describe. Hence the hearer thinks, consequently, that in such circumstances his own feelings or reactions would be the same (Aristotle, Rhetoric  1408a16).(A. Là ³pez Eire, Rhetoric and Language.  A Companion to Greek Rhetoric, ed. by  Ian Worthington. Blackwell, 2007) Paralogism as Self-DeceptionThe word paralogism is taken from formal logic, in which it is used to designate a specific type of formally fallacious syllogism: Such a syllogism is a paralogism insofar as one deceives oneself by it. [Immanuel] Kant distinguishes a paralogism, thus defined, from what he calls a sophism; the latter is a formally fallacious syllogism with which one deliberately tries to deceive others. So, even in its more logical sense, paralogism is more radical than that mere sophistry which, directing others into error, still reserves the truth for itself. It is rather self-deception, inevitable illusion without reserve of truth. . . . Reason entangles itself in paralogism in that sphere in which self-deception can assume its most radical form, the sphere of rational psychology; reason involves itself in self-deception regarding itself.(John Sallis, The  Gathering of Reason, 2nd ed. State University of New York Press, 2005) Kant on ParalogismToday the term [paralog ism] is associated almost entirely with Immanuel Kant who, in a section of his first Critique on Transcendental Dialectic, distinguished between Formal and Transcendental Paralogisms. By the latter he understood the Fallacies of Rational Psychology which began with the I think experience as premise, and concluded that man possesses a substantial, continuous, and separable soul. Kant also termed this the Psychological Paralogism, and the Paralogisms of Pure Reasoning.(William L. Reese, Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion. Humanities Press, 1980) Also Known As: fallacy, false reasoning

Getting Your Book Coverage in the National Press

Getting Your Book Coverage in the National Press Getting Your Book Coverage in the National Press This is a guest post by Douglas Wight, freelance journalist, author, publisher and book serialization specialist. He explains how authors can get book coverage in the national press†¦ and get paid for it!Book Coverage: Making A SplashHow many â€Å"likes†, how many â€Å"followers†, how’s your â€Å"discoverability†, what are your â€Å"signs of life†, are you on top of your profiles, what are your hits on â€Å"YouTube†?Life can be baffling for an author these days. The pressure not just to have a digital presence but one that’s firing hourly on multiple platforms is not just daunting, but increasingly terrifying.But imagine a platform that would pay for your content. That’s right. Hard cash. Not only that but it will guarantee an audience of millions. And these millions aren’t just digital consumers but actual readers. In addition, at no cost to you, it will take on the heavy lifting of promotion. This platform mig ht even advertise your book, plug it extensively online, tweet links to your material, sell your content on to other outlets, giving you a share of the spoils and run discount price offers so the audience can directly purchase your book.Sounds not bad, eh? And what is this amazing new platform that can promise all this?Actually, it’s oldest known to mankind. The humble newspaper.A Great Success StoryIn the digital age, not much attention is paid to â€Å"old media†. Newspapers are dinosaurs, right, losing readers by the millions, out-dated and out-of-touch?On the contrary, newspapers are in many ways the great success story. They’ve survived the arrival of radio and television and, after a rocky period, are navigating a passage through the Internet age. Crucially, for authors, they love books. True, many titles have done away with specialist literary editors but newspapers appreciate the kudos a book can bring. A good serialization can work wonders for both news paper and author. And, in an age of declining sales, all round publishers and the fourth estate need each other more than ever. If you write non-fiction, there’s a good chance your book could find a home in a newspaper. If you’re the author of a non-fiction book, there’s a good chance it could find a home in a newspaper. The only criteria, be it for a celebrity biography, strong real-life or historical story or a ‘mind, body, spirit’ book, is that it’s new, or offers readers something different. And, as long as it’s properly researched and credible, they’re happy to promote self-published books, which can be a massive boost for a fledgling author or imprint.Modern-day serializations have evolved from the days when newspapers would pay tens, even hundreds of thousands to gut a big celebrity title over several days. As advances have come down, so too has the money newspapers expect to pay to run content, but this has opened up the market. These days a ‘serial’ is more likely to be a one-day hit but it can be a fantastic launch pad for any new book. "A ‘serial’ can be a fantastic launch pad for any new book." – @dougwight Although newspapers demand exclusivity, other media – magazines, online news sources, television and radio stations – are happy to follow, offering new pathways to publicity and promotion.And the good news is that, certainly where tabloids are concerned, they are still willing to pay for content. The sums involved might not make you rich but in an era of ridiculously small advances they can almost take the place of an advance for self-published work.With journalist Jennifer Wiley, I recently self-published an unauthorised biography of the pop singer Rita Ora. A serial deal with the Sun meant we were able to print a hardback and attract interest from a major high street retailer. The Sun’s coverage was picked up around the world and led to extensive secondary publicity. This won’t be everyone’s experience but it showed the potential of strong newspaper coverage.In another example, a book published solely through Amazon’s Print on Demand went o n to sell thousands of copies after a tabloid serialisation brought it to the public’s attention.Get Serious About SerialWhether you are an independent author, self-publisher or have a forthcoming book with a traditional publisher it’s important to think about the merits of serialisation.Most publishers have a rights department whose job it is to secure serial deals. Sadly, however, away from the big titles it can often be the case that a smaller book gets overlooked or not much effort is put into achieving national coverage.So, take an interest. Think of ways to make your text appealing to newspapers. Some authors are guilty of thinking that once their manuscript is sent a team of specialists will mold their work to make it publicity friendly. The reality is that the best you can hope for is that a rights manager will flag it up to a paper and send over the manuscript. If you’re a books editor or features editor you might have ten manuscripts a week vying for y our attention.If, however, you’ve dissected your text and teased out the killer new lines, in which chapters to find them and set out exactly what’s fresh and interesting, then you’re helping push your book to the top of the pile. Dissect your text and tease out the killer new lines, then pitch it to the press. It also means you’re starting to control part of the process.Newspapers are visual beasts so think photos and images. If your book is photo-free suggest images available online that might help them illustrate it. The more visually grabbing your piece is the better chance it has of making it past the editorial conferences held to decide which stories are placed  in newspapers (and where).Fiction is harder to place or feature with anything more than a review. However, if you have a good back story or a remarkable real-life event sparked the idea for a novel this could pave the way for an interview to plug your new book.It’s worth noting, however, that newspapers traditionally don’t pay for author interviews, just extracts. They will, however, plug the actual book, possibly with an off the page reader offer, and front cover.If you’re not writing for a publisher, work with a serialisation expert, or ring up the paper you think is best suited to the material. Features editors are desperate for brilliant ideas.Often, retailers monitor press coverage and increase their orders accordingly. There’s no guarantee that happens all the time and publishers might well argue that the press’s influence on sales is not what it was†¦ but any publicity is good publicity and the more prompters readers get to the existence of a new book the better.So, in this digital age, think ink and see how Fleet Street can help your book get on the High Street.Looking to get some book  coverage in the press or on specialist blogs?  Pitch our  Reedsy publicists here  and ask them for free quotes!Have you tried to pitch your book to newspapers? Do you believe in the power of the "old media" in the digital age? Share your thoughts and experiences with us, or ask Douglas any question, in the comments below!

Destructive Leadership in the Military - Chapter 3 Dissertation

Destructive Leadership in the Military - Chapter 3 - Dissertation Example A valid informed consent is also a requirement by federal regulation, which identifies the eight basic disclosure elements. According to the National Archives and Records Administration (2012), a statement of the contents of the research, its purpose, the expected length of participation, was clearly explained to the potential participants. The informed consent will be given to participants prior to the start of the research. The informed consent will concentrate on the ethical and legal framework of the research. First, a brief will be conducted with the participants to provide essential information about the research. The participants will be provided an opportunity to ask questions which will be answered correctly and broadly. When all participants are thoroughly briefed and have a clear understanding of the study, they will each receive a copy of the informed consent to sign as evidence. A copy of the form will be retained by the researcher, and the other copy given to the respon dent. If any new information arises as the research progress, the participants will be informed The respondents will also be made aware they can withdraw from the research any time before the final dissertation is written. By providing substantial background information, and enumerating the rights of the participants, voluntary, and signed consent of the participants will be obtained. ... Confidentiality The confidentiality of the participants will be of paramount importance, especially in the current case in which the respondents are active members of the Marine Corps and may be working under the very senior enlisted Marines about whom they have provided the information. The following measures will be taken to ensure the protection of respondents. First, the research will ensure that respondents’ names and any other identifying characteristics will not be mentioned in the dissertation, and the collected data will be used only for developing the research analysis. Furthermore, interviews and interviewees will be identified by a generic code and all information that relates to the interviewee will be kept in a secure location for a three-year period from the completion of the study, after which all information and data will be destroyed. A code will be given to all participants who have signed the informed consent. Each participant will be given a code, example (MIL 001) for the first participant up to (MIL 00n) for the nth participant. The participants will be required to identify themselves using the assigned code for every interview or questionnaire administered to them. Once the data collection process begins, participants will not be addressed by name, but by their assigned code, which they will receive prior to the interview process. The participants will not write their names on the interview or questionnaires, and any data that contain the participant’s name will be invalid and destroyed immediately. The confidentiality of the participants is the respondents are active members of the Marine Corps and may be working under the senior enlisted Marine whom they have provided the informationof great importance because it protects them from

Wk1 INTL304 Forum Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk1 INTL304 Forum - Coursework Example Air force pilots, navy captains, and army commanders often use tactical military requirements for intelligence analysis. Strategically, agencies using information from the DOD (Department Of Defense) serve as armed forces elements that dedicate their resources to training experts to build tactical intelligence skills2. The outcome of this strategy is less gritty in contrast to outcomes generated by different sources of tactical military requirements. The strategic analysis of gathered intelligence is less time sensitive than tactical military requirements, which makes their effectiveness witnessed more by DOD agencies than the armed forces. For instance, strategic analysis compelled United States army to â€Å"take its time† while invading Iraq and Afghanistan3. Another example is Syrian president Bassad’s order of chemical assaults was pivotal for the United States in terms of collection planning of tactical military activities in Syria and neighboring countries with American military bases. Although the DOD chiefly uses strategic analysis and tactical military requirements, analysts do not have to be versant with both skills. This is because DOD supports Congressional policymakers like the Joint Chief of Staffs and the Secretary of

Atlantic Slave Trade Essay Example for Free

Atlantic Slave Trade Essay A slave can be defined as a person who is the property of and wholly subject to another, a bond servant or a person entirely under the domination of some influence or person. Slavery was well recognized in many early civilizations. Ancient Egypt, Ancient China, the Akkad Ian Empire, Assyria, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, the Islamic Caliphate, the Hebrews in Palestine, and the pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas all had either a form of debt-slavery, punishment for crime, enslavement of prisoners of war, child abandonment or birth of slave children to slaves. However, as the sixteenth century approached, so did the change in the way slavery would be looked at, for years to come. The Atlantic slave trade became the name of the three part economic cycle that involved four continents for four centuries and millions of people. The Atlantic slave trade or the middle passage, triangular trade and slavery affected the economy of Europe, Africa and the Americas in both negative and positive aspects. Starting in the 1430’s Portuguese were the first to sail down the coast of Africa to search for gold and jewels. The Portuguese had to extend their power across the co+ast because Sub-Saharan Africa’s trade routes were controlled by the Islamic Empire. By 1445, The Portuguese conquered three African countries and created trading posts. This allowed them access to Europe across the Sahara. Initially, the Portuguese traded copperware, cloth, tools, wine and horses for pepper, ivory and most importantly gold. The first slave purchase is said to have taken place in 1441 when the Portuguese caught two African males while they were along the coast. The Africans in the nearby village paid them in gold for their return. Eventually, they developed the idea that they could get more gold by transporting slaves along Africa’s coast. The Muslims were enticed by the idea of slavery as they used them as porters and for profit. Portugal had a monopoly on the export of slaves in Africa for more than two hundred years. This encounter is the beginning of one of the most tragic events in history, the Atlantic triangular trade (Thomas 1997). A triangular trade evolves when a region has export commodities that aren’t required in the region which its major imports come and provides a method for trade imbalances. The triangular trade is named for the rough shape it makes on a map. It worked like a triangle between all the colonies that were involved. For centuries the world was took part in its most successful trading system. There where nearly fifteen million Africans were shipped to both North and South America for more than three-hundred. Slaves, cash crops and manufactured goods were the most traded between the Americas, Europe and Africa. The Europeans controlled the first stage of the trade by carrying supplies for sale and trade such as, cloth, spirit, tobacco, beads, shells, metal goods and guns. This was their method of which were used to help expand empires and capture more slaves. These goods were exchanged for purchased and kidnapped African slaves (www. nmm. ac. uk/freedom/viewTheme. cfm/theme/triangular). African kings and merchants would capture the slaves or organize campaigns ran by the Europeans. The motives of the Europeans were based on one thing; they lacked a major source, a work force. It was stated that the Indigenes people were unreliable and Europeans were unsuited to the climate. However, Africans had experience in agriculture, keeping cattle, content with the climate. Africa soon became reliant on the slavery of their people and the profits that came along with it. The next stage involved the slaves being transported by voyage to the Americas and Caribbean, the middle passage (PBS. â€Å"The African Slave Trade and the Middle Passage. † http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr4. html). The middle passage was a perilous, horrendous journey slaves made across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. The final stage of the Atlantic slave trade was the return to Europe from the Americas with the produce from the slave-labor plantations. Most regions of North and South America were used to provide these raw materials to Europe for manufacturing. This wasn’t the first or only slave trade, but it was the cruelest. What began as a quest for gold ended as a quest for slaves, leaving a major stamp on African and American history (Thomas 1997). Before undergoing the middle passage, slaves faced human misery and suffering. Kidnapped slaves were forced to walk shackled in slave caravans to European coastal forts. Due to the lack of food and energy, half of the slaves became sick and were killed or left to die. Some had the strength to make it so they were left in underground dungeons. For years, Africans were stranded in these dungeons across the coast of Africa.. There, they wait on the embarked horrid encounter of the entire slave trade, the middle passage. None of the previous passengers returned to their homeland so none of the Africans knew what they were about to endure. The voyages were generally organized by companies and investors because they were a huge financial burden(â€Å"The African Slave Trade and the Middle Passage). Two theories show the packing of slaves in the European ships; loose and tight packing. Loose packing carried less slaves with the hopes of more room and more slaves making it to the Americas alive and in fair condition. This was exchanged for tight packing. Captains believed despite more casualties, this would yield a greater profit. On occasion, veterinarians inspected the slaves before the voyage to determine which slaves could make it across the Atlantic Ocean. The enslaved Africans were chained together by hand and foot, not even being able to lie on one’s side. They ate, slept, urinated, defecated, gave birth and died all in that one spot. There was overcrowding, inadequate ventilation and little to no sanitation. Twenty percent of every hundred died along the way from either suffocation, starvation, amoebic dysentery, scurvy or a disease such as small pox. The slaves that died were thrown overboard as well as the slaves that showed illness. Some threw their self-overboard risking their life rather than deal with these horrific measures. Approximately fifteen million captured Africans were sent to the Americas. The middle passage was the longest, most dangerous part of the Atlantic slave trade (â€Å"The Middle Passage Experience†). From the seventeenth century on, slaves became the focus of trade between Europe and Africa. Europe had already colonized North and South America as well as the Caribbean islands from the fifteenth century onward. This created an insatiable demand for African laborers, who were deemed â€Å"more fit† to work in the tropical conditions of the New World. The numbers of slaves imported across the Atlantic Ocean steadily increased, from approximately 5,000 slaves a year in the sixteenth century to over 100,000 slaves a year by the end of the eighteenth century (www. mariner. org/captivepassage). Upon their arrival to the Americas, the slaves were washed, greased and placed inside dungeons. The grease added a more appealing look making the slaves appear healthier so the profit would be much higher. European slave traders made sure all of their potential properties were in well condition before bidding. They were branded with a hot iron to keep their identity as a slave. There were two main types of slave auctions; highest bidder or grab and go auctions. Highest bidder was a bidding process which the buyer with the highest bid would get the slave. Grab and go auctions was the process in which the buyer would give the trader an agreed amount of money in exchange for a ticket. This process was where the slaves were released from their dungeon and the buyers would rush and grab the slave they wanted, Each slave would be sold to an owner who owned a great deal of land and worked on either a plantation or mine and there, the living conditions were still only barely better (Curtin 1969) A prominent African, author and a major influence on the enactment of the Slave Trade Act of 1807, Olaudah Equiano was well aware and very familiar with the Atlantic slave trade. At the age of eleven, Equiano and his sister were kidnapped from his village in Nigeria. He survived the middle passage, and taken to the West Indies. He tells how he was bought by Captain Pascal, a British naval Officer as a â€Å"present† for a cousin. He tells how was enslaved in North America for ten years, working as a seaman. In 1766, he bought his freedom and wrote an autobiography, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano,† Equiano gave a firsthand look of the conditions enslaved Africans were forced to live. This document was one of the first documents that explained, thoroughly, the terrible human cruelty of the Atlantic slave trade (Wright et al. 001). Although many lives were taken or at risk, The Atlantic slave trade fulfilled its major goal, profit and change the three continents. Europe, America and Africa’s economy were all affected by the slave trade. Europe’s economy was suffering before the slave trade. The Atlantic slave trade was during the time of recovery for Europe and completely recovered their economy. Because of the success of the trade, they needed more people to manufacture raw materials and export them to Africa. The great supply of jobs created many exports and the income to buy imports. By the end of the slave trade, Europe’s economy was in well standings as one of the wealthiest continents in the world. The America’s economies rose too. They were honored with a free workforce that provided many resources from sugar to cotton. The free labor allotted for them to received one hundred percent of the profit. They were importing more slaves and exporting the goods made by them to gaining wealth. America’s economy became agriculturally stable and soon industrialized. Europe and the Americas economies were affected in a positive way. However, Africa’s economy received a negative effect. Many, for years lived in fear due to slavery. African villages became small and poor. All of the kingdoms that were strong at one time, collapsed and were conquered. They received raw material goods from the slave trade but with nothing shown. The African kings prospered only because they were heavily involved in the slave trade. As the kings’ wealth grew, their economy was at a standstill and eventually failed. The Atlantic slave trade, human cruelty and evil at its finest, had a substantial effect on Europe, the Americas and Africa (www. understandingslavery. com).

Essay on Character Movement in James Joyces Dubliners -- Dubliners Es

Character Movement in Dubliners  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In a letter to his publisher, Grant Richards, concerning his collection of stories called Dubliners, James Joyce wrote: My intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis. I have tried to present it to the indifferent public under four of its aspects: childhood, adolescence, maturity, and public life. The stories are arranged in this order. I have written it for the most part in a style of scrupulous meanness and with the conviction that he is a very bold man who dares to alter in the resentment, still more to deform, whatever he has seen and heard (Peake 2). Joyce's passion for Dublin presents itself in the copious detail he uses in Dubliners. No street name, tower, pub, or church is left unspecified. Joyce often boasted to his brother Stanislaus that if Dublin were to disappear off the face of the earth, it would not be difficult to reconstruct it, simply based on Joyce's work (Walzl 169). Though all but three of the Dubliners stories were written while Joyce was in self-imposed exile form Ireland, he describes strolls his characters took throughout Dublin, carefully noting every turn of every street corner. The movements Joyce notes are not arbitrary, but symbolic. Joyce intended for his audience to give special attention to the direction of the characters' movements. In most of the stories, the East symbolizes willful exile and escape. Movements westward indicate acceptance of corruption and eternal paralysis. In Dubliners, Joyce uses symbolic physical movement to trace the different stages of paralysis in his characters. In the three childhood stories, "Sist... ...ements of his book" (60). The movements of Joyce's characters in his work Dubliners offer a telling picture of where Joyce predicted the city of Dublin was headed. Works Cited Bidwell, Bruce and Linda Heffer. The Joycean Way: A Topographic Guide to Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Johns Hopkins: Baltimore, 1981. Gifford, Don. Joyce Annotated: Notes for Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. University of California: Berkeley, 1982. Joyce, James. Dubliners. Penguin Books: New York, 1975. Peake, C.H. James Joyce: The Citizen and the Artist. Stanford University: Stanford, 1977. Tindall, William York. A Reader's Guide to James Joyce. Noonday Press: New York, 1959. Walzl, Florence L. "Dubliners." A Companion Study to James Joyce. Ed. Zack Bowen and James F. Carens. Greenwood Press: London, 1984.   

Investigation into the impact of tourism on Croyde and Newquay

In this Coursework I have decided to compare and contrast Croyde and Newquay as they both have similar tourist attractions and geographical features. They also differ in some ways and I aim to find out how, why and what has caused this. I went down to Newquay on the 6th of august when both the Ripcurl board masters and the Newquay music beach sessions were on so this was a prime time to get some useful results. I went down to Croyde on two occasions, 11th august when nothing spectacular was on and then again on the 7th September when the Jesus surf classic competition is on so this was also a prime time to get some useful results. I have always loved the outdoors and taking part in extreme sports that use geographical features to their advantages so I guess this is why Geography has been something that has always interested me mainly because I have wanted to know why natural anomalies occur such as waves. I have decided to study the impacts of tourism on two similar areas; Croyde and Newquay are both holiday destinations that I have visited and that I am familiar with which has influenced my choice to use them in my coursework. Even though they are 86 miles apart they share similar characteristics such as popular surf locations because they share the same sea. I went to Croyde and Newquay within the same week to get some fair tests. Obviously there were certain factors that still made this test unfair. I went to Newquay on the 6th, which was in the middle of the very popular Ripcurl Boardmasters and the music week beach sessions. So there will obviously be more tourists in Newquay. I am trying to find out what and how tourism effects these two holiday destinations. I would have preferred to take some results a few years ago and see how Newquay or Croyde have developed because of tourism but this was not possible so instead I will compare the two. Here are two maps showing the places I have studied. My objective in order to help me find out what I need to find are as follow: * To find out how many tourists visit for what reason. * How far and how people travel to visit these areas. * What accommodation tourists stay in when they visit these areas. * How much litter pollution tourist's cause. LITTER COUNT AND CAMP SITE SURVEY * How much the local economy is supported by tourist business. Background knowledge Croyde Croyde Bay in Devon is a village on the west-facing coastline of North Devon. It is rare but to some surfers the village is known as ‘The Place of Legends' or ‘The Place of Kings' due to the way that the village is almost perfect and so is the beach. It is a favourite destination for families and surfers alike. The name Croyde is believed to have derived from an Anglo-Saxon settlement in the area. Croyde village is a charming little hamlet of thatched cottages with many places to eat, buy gifts and hire beach equipment – including surfboards. It has many popular spots neighbouring such as Watersmeet in lyton/lynmouth, Golf in Saunton and Walking areas that make this area worth staying both on a holiday and as a day trip. During the 20th century Croyde's development was based on traditional ‘seaside' tourism. Before this the village was based on the local agriculture. The past 30 years has seen large increases in younger-age visitors develop around surfing. It is home to several small campsites, a small retail area in the centre of the village, and a large holiday park, Ruda Holiday Park, operated by Parkdean Holidays. Walking is also a very popular attraction for tourists with the South West Coast Path giving access to the spectacular Baggy Point, which is owned by the National Trust. Croyde has three pubs in the village: The Manor, Billy Budds†, and The Thatched Barn Inn. As far as education goes the children in croyde share the Georgeham Primary School with many of the neighbouring villages. For secondary education they have to go to braunton for either the Community College or Braunton School. Croyde beach is placed in a sheltered bay measuring at 0.8km long. The shallow slope of the beach means that the high and low water marks are 500m apart making this beach safe for children. Surfing is another popular attraction in croyde. Although the rides are generally pretty short on the beach though, the waves tend to pitch up and break fast making it attractive to shortboarders. The beach forms the middle section of a trio of sandy beaches north of the Taw estuary. 6 km long Saunton Sands is 1 km to the south, 3km long Woolacombe Sands, divided into Putsborough and Woolacombe beaches, 1.5 km to the north. There were several drownings on the beacj in the 1950's causing the local authoritites to introduce some lifeguards. There is a break some 3/4 mile offshore that breaks when the beach of Croyde is closed out by large swells. The population is split neatly into two polarized but quietly coexisting groups: half the locals are bungalow-inhabiting retirees, the other half are the surfers (almost all of whom are under 30). Surfing is a religion there. Newquay The first signs of settlement in Newquay consist of a late Iron Age hill fort/industrial centre which exploited the nearby abundant resources and the superior natural defences provided by Trevelgue HeadNewquay was originally the fishing port of Towan Blistra before the ‘new quay' was built in the fifteenth century. The quay was used for the import of coal and the export of mined ore. For many years, the main industry was pilchard fishing and salting. These days Newquay is the resort with all the nightlife but not so much of the original culture. Newquay is famous for the surfing championships, held at Fistral Beach, which attract competitors from all over the world. The main town beaches are Towan, Great Western, Lusty Glaze and Tolcarne, all of which are reasonably sheltered and safe for swimming and sun worshipping. Newquay has two secondary schools, Newquay Tretherras School is a state-funded specialist technology college and Newquay Treviglas which is a specialist business college. Surfing is also a very large part of newquays tourist attraction holding numerous surfing international and local competitions the latest being the ripcurl boardmasters. Fistral bay has very clean wave sucsetions that make it ideal for surfing. Being 0.75km in length it is a resonable size. It is often very crowded in the summer both on the beach and in the water. The cribbar, named after the reef which stretches half a mile from the beach, is a legendary wave that only breaks at Fistral Beach around once every 2 years. This incedible swell can reach heights of around 40 feet. It was first surfed in 1967 by Jack Lydgate, Bob Head and Rod Sumpter. The recent explosion in interest in surfing large waves has spured many international surfers both pro and ameteur to come and visit newquay to tr out the waves and the community of newquay. Newquay is well known for its lively nightlife. Nightclubs such as Berties, Tall Trees and Sailor's attract well known international DJs. Newquay has been a popular destination for hen and stag nights as the town now has a lap-dancing club and the explosive nightlife attracts people to hold them here. The town has a permenant population of around 19,423 but this can increase to 100,000 or more in the summer because Newquay has a large stock of holiday accommodation. Which is not surprise when you think that it was home to the author of Lord of the Flies and The Beatles filmed part of the Magical Mystery Tour film in Newquay. Scenes were filmed at the Atlantic Hotel and Towan Beach. As we know travel all over the world has become cheaper and cheaper with more methods of travel and more people being able to travel. Flights have become very cheap compared to how they used to be making tourism from England go abroad so places like newquay and croyde have been forced to make their own efforts to attract tourism back to Cornwall. They have risen to the challenge by using their advantage of the Atlantic coast and focused on surfing. From the tourism they received from tourism certain places in newquay and croyde decided to get benefit from this and so extended ways that they could make money out of tourism and so increasing the attractions for tourism. Newquay had introduced many nightclubs and bars whereas croyde introduced a young person's arcade directly implying that they get more families with young people then older couples. Both of the towns have had to increases accommodation and have done this by opening campsites and converting houses into hotels and other forms of accommodation. Method During this I will be stating what data I want to find out, how and why I am going to be collecting the certain parts of data. Why do tourists visit these destinations? In order to do this I need to include this as part of my questionnaire. To find out who comes to these destinations and why they come here. A questionnaire is the best way to find out sufficient results for this question as I can ask questions that are to the point and get exact answers from the people who affect the areas of coast both humanly and environmentally. On the day I am going to stand in the streets of Croyde and Newquay asking people if they wouldn't mind spending a little time to fill out my questionnaire. Once I have done this I will collect the data and group in a format I can easily read and relate to, I gave out 30 questionnaires in both Croyde and Newquay because I thought 30 wasn't too low i.e. I could still get sufficient data from this amount and it wasn't too many as I didn't have as much time as I would have liked. I stood in similar spots in both Newquay and Croyde to make it even – The main beach entrance, the beach car park and the main shopping area (central town). I did this as I could gather the information quicker, as they are the busiest spots, and I could also go about other tasks whilst they're such as a tax disc survey. With the questionnaire I simply asked every other person who walked pass me. This is because I am then asking a wider range of people as if I ask ever person I see then some may be related whereas if I leave it every other one there is a stronger likely hood that they are not together therefore getting no repeats. How far and how people travel to these locations. In order to do this I will be asking how people have travelled and how many with in a questionnaire as I can get the precise information I desire but I can take a tax disc survey to find out how far, this will be a lot quicker therefore enabling me to get more results. I will carry out the tax disc survey in a car park and look on car's tax discs and where they have been stamped, this may not be very accurate as people may travel a fair way to get there tax discs as post offices are closing down. The more results I get the higher the precision of my work is. This is important as the further people travel to these locations makes me think that the change in tourism has been spread wider and heard more further away possibly making the change larger and more attractive to the majority of people looking to travel in England. On the day I will hand out my questionnaire and ask people to take part in my coursework and with the tax disc survey I will go into two or three car parks collectin g the locations that people have travelled to reach this destination. Once I have done this I will group all my data into workable format. With the tax disc survey I will work out the carbon footprint of the data I feel applicable. I have done this so I can work out how far the attraction of the effect of tourism has spread. What accommodation tourists stay in when they visit these areas? In the questionnaire I have included the request of information on the tourist's accommodation. This will help me again as the more people who use hotels will suggest the more hotels there are and therefore the demand for them is greater. This will help me because I will be able to know whether the most popular forms of accommodation require more or less litter pollution to the area or whether the owner takes the litter under their responsibility. I will do this again by using the format of my questionnaire, as this will be a strong and effective source. How much litter pollution tourist's cause? In order to get the results I want to answer this objective I will take a litter count by recording the amount of litter I see in a 2mà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ then I repeat this every 20m and I will also include an Environmental Perception Grid in my questionnaire assuring I get both raw data and people's opinions on the amount of litter in the area. Once I have done this I can then result in concluding what I have established following-onto linking it back to the main aim of this coursework and whether the tourism impact on the two different places was positive or negative. How much the local economy is supported by tourist business? I will do this entirely based on a land use classification sheet that I have done. I did this by walking through the main street of the two towns marking what shops were what and concluding what they were used for and who they were there for. Hopefully I will find a great difference in the two places here resulting in my conclusion saying how tourism has affected these two places in different ways. I will have to talk about how and why the area has let tourism effect it in this way in comparison to the way the other place has let is change it. Results with Analysis. For this part I will be putting my data for both Croyde and Newquay into appropriate charts so I can directly compare the data against each other then writing what the data tells me before relating what I have found out directly back to my main objective. To do this I will work through each method accordingly slowly producing my main conclusion to this piece of coursework taking into account applicable pieces of data and using these to back up my opinion on my investigation and how tourism has effected both then I will give my opinion on whether it's a positive or a negative effect. Why do tourists visit these destinations? I have put the data from my questionnaire in two bar charts that I can compare directly. The reasons for visit in both places in very similar but the duration of the visit are very different. Croyde has 20 more people visiting for a week and Newquay has 20 more people visiting for 3 days. I think this is strongly representative of the way they have both differed in changing as 3 day trips tend to be made by younger people who have gone down for a specific reason. However week + holidays is often family orientated as they have gone down to spend some time away. I took this data in the summer holidays which backs my point up. I have also taken the ages and put them in a graph as I think it will help me conclude the way I think tourism has changed either place as the reasons, I feel, will be more pronounced with a given age group. The age of people asked was very similar showing me no evidence that the change in tourism has made the ages visiting any different. As the young age group is the largest I think this was their main aim as I think this would be the largest market. I think Newquay and Croyde have changed in different ways but they have still managed to attract the same main target market. The age group in Croyde was more evenly spread than Newquay so maybe Croyde has changed more appropriately for all age groups. In order for me to differentiate the ways they have changed and whether this difference in change was good or bad I will need to look else were as the reason and length of visit has given me no reason to believe the reasons for visit are any different. How far and how people travel to these locations. All people questioned in Croyde either got their on a bike, by foot or by a car, however, people who were questioned in Newquay only arrived on motorized vehicles 7% even arriving on a plane. Newquay has this choice as it has its own airport and train station as well as very frequent public services running till 3am at night to the surrounding areas, this has enabled newquay to have tourists from France whereas croyde isn't as main-stream as Newquay making it not as widely known mainly because of its lack of public transport, this is mostly dues to its lack of size, roads and economy couldn't support such methods of transport certainly as the village stands. In Fig. 7 you can easily see that there are more places than in Fig. 8. This is mainly a result of what I have just explained in order to back up further my point I have worked out the distance between Croyde and Newquay and were their tourists travelled from creating a circle of influence that I can directly compare. This will help me as part of my conclusion will be on whether the difference, if any, in the way tourism has developed is a good thing on the area and although this may be a good thing that they are attracting people on the area obviously the further away people travel the longer they are driving and therefore the larger their carbon footprint. Fig. 9 clearly shows that newquay has a much larger circle of influence obviously this is very good for the locals so far as tourism means money for workers there however environmentally this is a negative. What accommodation tourists stay in when they visit these areas? This is hugely dependant on the land the area has and how available the area lends itself to things such as hotels. To do this I have put a question in my questionnaire about accommodation then I will be, again, plotting both Newquay's and Croyde's data against each other just to make the difference as well as numerical making it visual as this will be easier to remember and makes it easier to remember as numbers or percentage can often be to close and therefore rounded distorting the comparison. As we can see in Fig. 10 93% of people who visited croyde either camped or stayed in bed and breakfasts. They also rented houses (holiday homes – Self catered) however Newquay's largest majority with 40% was people who stayed in hotels. There are so many hotels in Newquay making this such an available option for tourists. Croyde has few hotels as such however they have many bed and breakfasts and self service accommodation options. Camping and holiday homes are popular as many prefer to save money and cater for themselves I think this is because most of the tourists in Croyde are families as apposed to Newquay's being in their late teens – early 20s. Newquay's demand for hotels is so big people are renovating rows of houses into series of hotels. There has been so much of this over the last few years because of Newquay's growth. How much litter pollution tourist's cause? Now that we have established what accommodation tourists use when visiting these two destinations I want to see what effects this has on the two towns so far as litter is concerned. This clearly shows that newquay has a higher litter concentration than Croyde which surprises me on the fact that 50% of Croyde accommodation is camping which I though would create terrible litter problems however newquay is considerably larger than croyde making the tourist capacity larger so I have decided to repeat this test in the exact same places but with people instead of litter. I have done this by counting every person that passes my left and right leaving ahead and behind, then like the litter count I will walk 20m before I take my next count. This shows that both of the beaches were the busiest places however Newquay does have more people but there isn't such the significant difference that there is compared to litter. In the questionnaire I have asked people what they think of the area in terms of the factors that tourism could have affected. How much the local economy is supported by tourist business? A vast majority of the local services in Newquay and Croyde are run by local people making tourism a highly important part of their lives as it is tourists who would be mainly targeted in two popular tourist destinations. I have drawn up and filled out a land-use classification table to help me with this also using the questionnaire to find out who actually uses the facilities that these two areas have to offer. Obviously being holiday destinations alone answers my question alone as they obviously do rely on tourism to keep their jobs going. Fig. 15 shows that both Croyde and Newquay have facilities for all their tourists. I can s a majority of the 30 people asked have used nearly every facility. So as they rely on tourism they have made the Facilities well as evidently tourist use them. Fig. 14 shows that a lot more of how the two towns have let tourism change them in different ways. Newquay has concentrated on the entertainment market whereas (Fig. 15) Croyde has concentrated on the outdoors sports such as beach activities and waling. I can tell this as a larger percentage of people asked had used the entertainment facilities in Newquay where most people in croyde had used the beach, walked or the sports equipment hire. Conclusion Researching two similar holiday destinations in depth has clearly painted a picture for me so far as how they differ in the way they attract tourists and what the tourists do, where they stay and how they travel to their destination be it Newquay or Croyde. I think I have been fairly successful so far as achieving my main aim however there are things I have learnt on the way that I would have done differently had I been given more time and facilities. The main reason I think Newquay has changed from Croyde yet their aims are the same is that Newquay is a lot bigger than Croyde making it easier to build on and sustainable as Croyde has narrow roads and a small population which would be directly effected if the town were to expand outwards. Newquay however has lent itself to this very well having fairly flat and available land. Newquay has changed this way as there is far more money in the long run for large amounts of tourists and throughout the winter they will still get tourists as they have many hotels 50% of people asked camped in Croyde and few people will want to do this in the winter. I think overall I have tried hard and succeeded in comparing Newquay and Croyde. They differ in many ways and couldn't be more similar in others making them attractive for different reasons. Evaluation Had I been given the chance to do this again I would put in deeper research into the area and mainly extending my questionnaire and asking 100 people as the more people questioned the more reliable my result however this would not need to be a necessity as I effectively took a random sample of many as I randomly asked every other person (that was the only reason I chose them) making them as reliable as possible. I went to croyde when I Ripcurl board masters was on but I firstly went to croyde when nothing was happening so I decided to make this fair by going back to croyde when a surf festival was on. There were many tests I took that had no help to my main aim making them completely invalid and therefore wasting some of my time that I could have spent else where. Hopefully these downfalls in my research haven't affected my outcome too much. I would repeat my results and do them all round the year as in summer obviously I would have more results than the winter I would like to see how the change of year/weather change my results and see whether the public prefer this change and therefore prefer these areas in winter.

Critical Analysis Of The Character Of Edward Rochester English Literature Essay

Edward Rochester does non resemble a hero portrayed in faery narratives, characters who remain inactive throughout the secret plan. He is instead a dynamic and circular character that changes notably. He has values that are far from freedom, regard, and unity. In his behavior to Jane, one can detect dramatic alterations. First of all, his being passionate, guided by his senses instead than his rational head, drags him to get married an insane adult female. The state of affairs of being married to a huffy adult female, and farther being lied to by his ain household for money affairs, makes him an castaway despite of his high societal position. He feels trapped and all the prevarications Rochester believes shortly organize a sense of misgiving, and do him turn more and more distant from society. Second, Rochester is a misanthropic Rebel who refuses to accept and give to the orders of society. It is merely when he meets Jane, a adult female who is intellectually equal to him and morally superior than him and who understands his true nature, that his sensitiveness is revealed. He wholly fails to detect his societal rank and ignores other ‘s sentiments, and clearly falls in love with Jane. Rather than keeping appropriate category boundaries, Rochester makes her feel â€Å" as if he were my relation instead than my maestro. † ( 242 ) He loves Jane in a physically field but in a mentally deep manner which shows that he is non shallow. However, his unfortunate matrimony to Bertha Mason becomes an obstruction to his brotherhood with Jane.This clip Rochester, A intentionally outcasts himself from his former enchained life with Bertha in hunt for a existent opportunity for true love. A great trade is written and discussed about Rochester ‘s matrimony and character which comes along with a batch of inquiries. Even though Rochester did n't cognize his married woman was insane, can he be blamed for the matrimony to a adult female he barely knew? Under English jurisprudence at the clip, a adult male whose married woman became insane could non acquire a divorce. But is Mr. Rochester ‘s manner to cover with this job by concealing his huffy married woman off the right thing to make? And does the fact that he thinks he deserves happiness give him the right to lead on the adult female he loves? It is true that he is frantically in love with Jane, yet the fact remains that his attack to win and procure her as a married woman was incorrect for Mr. Rochester was really inconsiderate of the world. He did non care about what sort of a place it would set the others when he got what he wished, get marrieding Jane. Rochester was determined to get married her and he did non believe about the immorality of the matrimony sing he was already married to Bertha Manson even though one can think it would be lay waste toing for Jane. However Jane brings out the best in him particularly as the narrative advances toward the terminal, their differences causes the enlightenment. Bronte uses Jane as a visible radiation to cast on Rochester ‘s character. In the terminal he becomes a new adult male, his dark secrets and qualities ceases to be a portion of his life. As I mentioned in the beginning, the footing of Rochester ‘s blemished life was his dark secrets, and by along with a dirt or wickedness. And all these go excusable merely when the existent circumstance is revealed and when all the concealed facts are lightened. He is the first individual in the novel to offer Jane enduring love and a existent place. Although Rochester is Jane ‘s societal and economic higher-up, and although work forces were widely considered to be of course superior to adult females in the Victorian period, Jane is Rochester ‘s rational equal. Furthermore, Jane proves to be his moral higher-up after the fact that Rochester ‘s matrimony to Bertha is revealed. Prior to run intoing Jane his character was wild and unprompted. Jane helped him mend his lesions and confront with himself. Keeping secrets about himself and his yesteryear could make nil good for him but merely promoted dishonesty and destroyed his relationship with Jane. And merely whe n he could interrupt the ironss from his yesteryear could he be free and go a new adult male. Towards the terminal of the novel, Rochester grows and develops from his enduring leting the two characters to travel on and happen felicity together. He eventually pays for his wickednesss, he becomes a appropriately soft hubby for Jane, who morally ushers and corrects him at novel ‘s terminal.

Free Essays on The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment, The Age of Reason, was an 18th century intellectual movement based on reason, caused by the scientific revolution, questioned the physical universe and was centered in Paris. The modern Athens believed in natural laws - very secular and more logical than what the church was offering in the way of religion! Enlightenment thinkers felt that change and reason were both possible and desireable for the sake of human liberty. Enlightenment philosophes provided a major source of ideas that could be used to undermine existing social and political structures. The major themes of the era were: A. rationalism * logical reasoning based on facts. B. cosmology * new world view based on Newtonian physics and analysing of natural phenomena as systems. C. scientific method * experimentation; observation; hypothesis. E. utilitarianism * laws created for the common good and not for special interests. The Philosophes, not really philosophers, but men who sought to apply reason and common sense to nearly all the major institutions and mores of the day, attacked Christianity for its rejection of science, otherworldliness, and belief in man's depravity. France became the center for Enlightenment since its decadent absolutism and political and religious censorship seemed to prove the need for reform, ie: Paris salons, Diderot's Encyclopedie, etc. Physiocrats of the Enlightenment period: FRANCOIS QUESNAY * land is the only source of wealth, and agriculture increases that wealth; therefore, the mercantilists were wrong to put so much importance on the accumulation of money. ADAM SMITH * Wealth of Nations * he challenged mercantilist doctrine as selfish and unnatural; the interdependence among nations; "Father of Modern Capitalism". H. Montesquieu * The Spirit of the Laws admired the British government. separation of powers in the government. checks and balances. I. Rousseau * The Social Contract "Father... Free Essays on The Enlightenment Free Essays on The Enlightenment The Enlightenment, The Age of Reason, was an 18th century intellectual movement based on reason, caused by the scientific revolution, questioned the physical universe and was centered in Paris. The modern Athens believed in natural laws - very secular and more logical than what the church was offering in the way of religion! Enlightenment thinkers felt that change and reason were both possible and desireable for the sake of human liberty. Enlightenment philosophes provided a major source of ideas that could be used to undermine existing social and political structures. The major themes of the era were: A. rationalism * logical reasoning based on facts. B. cosmology * new world view based on Newtonian physics and analysing of natural phenomena as systems. C. scientific method * experimentation; observation; hypothesis. E. utilitarianism * laws created for the common good and not for special interests. The Philosophes, not really philosophers, but men who sought to apply reason and common sense to nearly all the major institutions and mores of the day, attacked Christianity for its rejection of science, otherworldliness, and belief in man's depravity. France became the center for Enlightenment since its decadent absolutism and political and religious censorship seemed to prove the need for reform, ie: Paris salons, Diderot's Encyclopedie, etc. Physiocrats of the Enlightenment period: FRANCOIS QUESNAY * land is the only source of wealth, and agriculture increases that wealth; therefore, the mercantilists were wrong to put so much importance on the accumulation of money. ADAM SMITH * Wealth of Nations * he challenged mercantilist doctrine as selfish and unnatural; the interdependence among nations; "Father of Modern Capitalism". H. Montesquieu * The Spirit of the Laws admired the British government. separation of powers in the government. checks and balances. I. Rousseau * The Social Contract "Father...

10 Jobs That Pay More Than $80k And How To Get Them

10 Jobs That Pay More Than $80k And How To Get Them You want to choose a career that will challenge you and nurture your strengths, as well as fulfilling you in the long term. But a great salary doesn’t hurt either, right? Check out a few of these top paying jobs and see if they might be right for you. Some don’t even require you to have a college degree! 1. Information Security Architect: $114kThis job requires a great deal of experience and qualifications, but if you can line yourself up for it, you can make great money. Look to get certified in A+, Net+, and Security+. If you have the hands-on experience and the expertise to do this job (vetting security, working with firewalls, streamlining processes and solutions), then you could be all set.2. Systems Admin: $83kThe typical medial salary for this position is a bit lower, but the more experience you have, the higher up the pay scale you will be. It’s also in great demand. So if you are a whiz at technology, this job might be for you.3. Art Director: $95kAre yo u super talented and into art but people keep asking you how you plan to pay the bills? Go into art direction, creating the style and image of a publication, theatrical production, ad campaign, even window display! You’ll need to be able to design and follow a budget, as well as lead a team, but if you have the talent, training, creativity, and the eye, you’ll do great.4. Lawyer: $130kThis is one of those instantly respected positions. No one will ever give you trouble at a cocktail party again. You’ll have to go to law school and go into a lot of debt, but if it suits you, you’ll be almost guaranteed a competitive salary- depending on your specialization.5. Sales Manager: $116kYou’ll have to sell a lot to be a sales manager, but once you’re at that level, you won’t be doing as much of the actual selling. Instead you’ll be establishing territories, setting goals, and guiding a team that does the selling. If you’ve got fi ve years of sales experience under your belt, this might be something you could think about. It’s good steady work at good steady pay- with less travel.6. IT Manager: $125kTechnology is such an integral part of today’s workforce and world. IT Managers are generally very well paid because they keep technology running for the companies they work at. They are the lifeline when things go wrong!7. Business Operations Manager: $119kKeep your company running- by negotiating contracts, hiring new talent, building and leading teams, and making strategy decisions. The growth for this field is projected to be 7% through 2024. Look for jobs on the east coast, in Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey.8. Financial Manager: $134kOversee the money in your company, control the checkbook, make profit projections, manage cash flow, and coordinate accounting. It’s a very detail-oriented and highly confidential position, requiring great skill with numbers, but the pay is undeniably good.9. Marketing Manager: $116kConduct research and use it to shape a successful advertising campaign. Design skills won’t hurt you here, and neither will leadership and team-building skills. Live in your own personal Mad Men for a living.10. Supply Chain Manager: $81kThis job tends to lead to high satisfaction and high pay- the high end can net you up to $123k. You’ll have to work your way up to this position, which will require a lot of dedication, sweat and time, but particularly if you don’t have a college degree, it’s an excellent option.